abstract：:Angiosperms display a huge variety of floral forms. The development of the ABC-model for floral organ identity, almost 20 years ago, has created an excellent basis for comparative floral development (evo-devo) studies. These have resulted in an increasingly more detailed understanding of the molecular control circuitr...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Rijpkema AS,Vandenbussche M,Koes R,Heijmans K,Gerats T

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ABC model postulates that expression combinations of three classes of genes (A, B and C) specify the four floral organs at early stages of flower development. This classic model provides a solid framework to study flower development and has been the foundation for multiple studies in different plant species, as we...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Alvarez-Buylla ER,Azpeitia E,Barrio R,Benítez M,Padilla-Longoria P

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During development, epithelial cells in some tissues acquire a polarity orthogonal to their apical-basal axis. This polarity, referred to as planar cell polarity (PCP), or tissue polarity, is essential for the normal physiological function of many epithelia. Early studies of PCP focused on insect epithelia (Lawrence, ...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Axelrod JD

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The vast amount of recent progress made on the sequence of the human genome has allowed an unprecedented examination of cis-regulatory networks. These networks consist of functional elements such as promoters, enhancers, silencers, and insulators, and their coordinated activity is responsible for regulation of gene ex...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Cecchini KR,Raja Banerjee A,Kim TH

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The developmental processes that give rise to the animal body plan are exceedingly complex. Model systems such as Drosophila melanogaster have yielded profound insight into roles of conserved genes and genetic pathways in development. Drosophila development begins with the formation of sperm and eggs, and proceeds thr...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Mason DA,Goldfarb DS

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Anuran amphibians can regenerate the retina through differentiation of stem cells in the ciliary marginal zone and through transdifferentiation of the retinal pigmented epithelium. By contrast, the regeneration of the lens has been demonstrated only in larvae of species belonging to the Xenopus genus, where the lens r...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Filoni S

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The epithalamus of zebrafish presents the best-studied case of directional asymmetry in the vertebrate brain. Epithalamic asymmetries are coupled to visceral asymmetry and include left-sided migration of a single midline structure (the parapineal organ) and asymmetric differentiation of paired bilateral nuclei (habenu...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Concha ML,Signore IA,Colombo A

更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sex-determination is commonly categorized as either "genetic" or "environmental"-a classification that obscures the origin of this dichotomy and the evolution of sex-determining factors. The current focus on static outcomes of sex-determination provides little insight into the dynamic developmental processes by which ...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Uller T,Badyaev AV

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:gamma-Secretase is a membrane-embedded proteolytic complex composed of presenilin and three other subunits. The gamma-secretase complex generates the amyloid beta-peptide of Alzheimer's disease but also plays important roles in normal physiology, especially in signaling from the Notch receptor. How this hydrolytic enz...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Wolfe MS

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Drosophila Rhomboid-1 was discovered to be the first known intramembrane serine protease about 7 years ago. The study of the rhomboid-like family has since blossomed, and the purpose of this review is to take stock of where the field is, and how it may progress in the next few years. Three major themes are the increas...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Freeman M

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The integration of living cells together with silicon field-effect devices challenges a new generation of biosensors and bioelectronic devices. Cells are representing highly organised complex systems, optimised by millions of years of evolution and offering a broad spectrum of bioanalytical receptor "tools" such as en...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Poghossian A,Ingebrandt S,Offenhäusser A,Schöning MJ

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Stem cells have become one of the "buzz" topics in the last decade or so. One of the best systems to study adult stem cells in vivo is in the model organism, Drosophila melanogaster. One hundred years of genetic analysis, a sequenced and highly annotated genome and genomics makes this a difficult organism to avoid. Th...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Gregory L,Came PJ,Brown S

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ancestors of modern Metazoa were constructed in large part by the foldings and distortions of two-dimensional sheets of epithelial cells. This changed approximately 600 million years ago with the evolution of mesenchymal cells. These cells arise as the result of epithelial cell delamination through a reprogramming...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Baum B,Settleman J,Quinlan MP

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cellular morphogenesis is a complex process and molecular studies in the last few decades have amassed a large amount of information that is difficult to grasp in any completeness. Fungal systems, in particular the budding and fission yeasts, have been important players in unravelling the basic structural and regulato...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Wedlich-Soldner R,Li R

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Complex interactions occur among embryonic, placental and maternal tissues during embryo implantation. Many of these interactions are controlled by growth factors, extracellular matrix and cell surface components that share the ability to bind heparan sulfate (HS) polysaccharides. HS is carried by several classes of c...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Kirn-Safran CB,D'Souza SS,Carson DD

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In order for a successful pregnancy to occur, the embryo must attach to the luminal epithelial cells and invade into the stroma. Then, the surrounding stromal cells need to undergo decidualization in order to establish the vasculature necessary for survival of the embryo. These events in early pregnancy are tightly re...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Franco HL,Jeong JW,Tsai SY,Lydon JP,DeMayo FJ

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the crowded intranuclear environment, entropic depletion forces between macromolecules are expected to be strong. A review of simulations of linear polymers leads to several predictions about probable conformations of a polynucleosome chain in these conditions. These include a globular conformation, variable compac...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Hancock R

更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Macroscopic coexisting liquid phases are readily observed in certain model membranes containing cholesterol and at least two other lipid components. Recent fluorescence microscopy and deuterium NMR work indicates that submicron fluctuations are also found, in vesicles with near-critical lipid compositions. In principl...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Veatch SL

更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The localisation of transcripts to specific regions of the cell probably occurs in all cell types and has many distinct functions that go from the control of body axis formation to learning and memory. mRNAs can be localised by a variety of mechanisms including local protection from degradation, diffusion to a localis...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Palacios IM

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The vertebrate ocular lens is a fascinating and unique transparent tissue that grows continuously throughout life. During the process of differentiation into fiber cells, lens epithelial cells undergo dramatic morphological changes, membrane remodeling, polarization, transcriptional activation and elimination of cellu...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Rao PV,Maddala R

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:How limited is the ability of stem cells to generate gametes or differentiated somatic cells? Recent outcomes of research with stem cells from both embryonic and adult origin will be discussed with particular attention to results that challenge conventional wisdom about the presence of reproductive stem cells in adult...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： McLean DJ

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Regulators of G-protein signalling (RGS) proteins are a large and diverse family initially identified as GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) of heterotrimeric G-protein Galpha-subunits. At least some can also influence Galpha activity through either effector antagonism or by acting as guanine nucleotide dissociation inh...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Willars GB

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:At fertilisation, Ca(2+) signals activate embryonic development by stimulating metabolism, exocytosis and endocytosis, cytoskeletal remodelling, meiotic resumption and recruitment of maternal RNAs. Mitochondria present in large number in eggs have long been thought to act as a relay in Ca(2+) signalling at fertilisati...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Dumollard R,Duchen M,Sardet C

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Correct orientation of the mitotic spindle is crucial for the proper segregation of localized determinants and the correct spatial organization of cells in early embryos. The cues dividing cells use to orient their mitotic spindles are currently the subject of intensive investigation in a number of model systems. One ...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Walston TD,Hardin J

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In addition to being polarized along their apical/basal axis, cells composing most (if not all) organs are also polarized in a plane vertical to the A/B axis. Recent studies indicate that this so-called planar cell polarity (PCP) plays an essential role in the formation of multiple organ systems regulating directed ce...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Karner C,Wharton KA Jr,Carroll TJ

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mesoderm and endoderm formation in Xenopus involves the coordinated efforts of maternally and zygotically expressed transcription factors together with growth factor signalling, including members of the TGFbeta and wnt families. In this review we discuss our current state of knowledge of these pathways, and describe i...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Wardle FC,Smith JC

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Research using Xenopus laevis has made enormous contributions to our understanding of vertebrate development, control of the eukaryotic cell cycle and the cytoskeleton. One limitation, however, has been the lack of systematic genetic studies in Xenopus to complement molecular and cell biological investigations. Work w...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Carruthers S,Stemple DL

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Flies escape danger by jumping into the air and flying away. The giant fibre system (GFS) is the neural circuit that mediates this simple behavioural response to visual stimuli. The sensory signal is received by the giant fibre and relayed to the leg and wing muscle motorneurons. Many of the neurons in the Drosophila ...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Allen MJ,Godenschwege TA,Tanouye MA,Phelan P

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypoxic exposure of cells or organisms induces expression of a number of hypoxia responsive genes through the activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). One of the most prominent HIF-1 targets is erythropoietin that has beneficial effects on ischemia-related injury in the brain. Exposure to low environmenta...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Grimm C,Hermann DM,Bogdanova A,Hotop S,Kilic U,Wenzel A,Kilic E,Gassmann M

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor pVHL plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of familial and sporadic clear cell carcinomas of the kidney and hemangioblastomas of the retina and central nervous system. pVHL targets the oxygen sensitive alpha subunit of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) for proteasomal degradatio...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Haase VH

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Notch signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that is critical for tissue morphogenesis during development, but is also involved in tissue maintenance and repair in the adult. In skeletal muscle, regulation of Notch signaling is involved in somitogenesis, muscle development, and the proliferation ...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Luo D,Renault VM,Rando TA

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since their initial discovery in yeast, cyclin-dependent kinases have proven to be universal regulators of the cell cycle in all eukaryotes. In unicellular eukaryotes, cell cycle progression is principally governed by one catalytic subunit (cyclin-dependent kinase) that pairs with cell cycle-specific regulatory subuni...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Sánchez I,Dynlacht BD

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Asymmetric division is a fundamental mechanism of generating cell diversity during development. One of its hallmarks is asymmetric localization during mitosis of proteins that specify daughter cell fate. Studies in Drosophila show that subcellular localization of many proteins required for asymmetric division of neuro...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Prokopenko SN,Chia W

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cholesterol is highly enriched in the brain compared to other tissues. Essentially all cholesterol in the brain is synthesized endogenously since plasma lipoproteins are unable to cross the blood-brain barrier. Cholesterol is transported within the central nervous system in the form of apolipoprotein E-containing lipo...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Vance JE,Hayashi H,Karten B

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adenosine- and uridine-rich elements (AREs) located in 3'-untranslated regions are the best-known determinants of RNA instability. These elements have also been shown to control translation in certain mRNAs, including mRNAs for prominent pro-inflammatory and tumor growth-related proteins, and physiological anti-inflam...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Espel E

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The design and analysis of experiments using gene expression microarrays is a topic of considerable current research, and work is beginning to appear on the analysis of proteomics and metabolomics data by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. The literature in this area is evolving rapidly, and commercial software f...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Rocke DM

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Embryonic patterning of the mouse during gastrulation and early organogenesis engenders the specification of anterior versus posterior structures and body laterality by the interaction of signalling and modulating activities. A group of cells in the mouse gastrula, characterised by the expression of a repertoire of "o...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Robb L,Tam PP

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A number of proteins produced by certain bacteria and plants are potently toxic to mammalian cells. This toxicity results from their ability to catalytically modify macromolecules that are required for essential cellular functions such as vesicular trafficking, cytoskeletal assembly, signalling or protein synthesis. T...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Smith DC,Lord JM,Roberts LM,Johannes L

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies of TRH and GnRH receptors have revealed much information about the roles of G-proteins and beta-arrestins, as well as receptor residues important for signaling, desensitization and internalization. However, the proteins involved are only just beginning to be identified and characterized. Additional complexity ...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Pfleger KD,Kroeger KM,Eidne KA

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is covalently attached to lysine residues in target proteins and in doing so changes the properties of the modified protein. Here we examine the role of SUMO modification in transcriptional regulation. SUMO addition to components of the transcriptional apparatus does not have a...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Girdwood DW,Tatham MH,Hay RT

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00